Further database models and database analysis

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S NO Assessment statement Grade Teacher’s notes
1  Describe the characteristics of different database models.   Database models should include:
  • relational
  • object-oriented
  • network
  • spatial
  • multi-dimensional

Students will be expected to refer to actual examples in their descriptions.

2 Evaluate the use of object-oriented databases as opposed to relational databases.   This may include references to data definition, manipulation and integrity.
3 Define the term data warehouse.   Subject oriented, integrated, timevariant and non-volatile collection of data used in decision-making.
4 Describe a range of situations suitable for data warehousing.   For example, strategic planning,business modelling.
5 Explain why data warehousing is time dependent.   Data in a warehouse is only valid for a period of time.
6 Describe how data in a warehouse is updated in real time.   Data is refreshed from data in operational systems.
7 Describe the advantages of using data warehousing.   A single manageable structure to support decision-making. Allows complex queries to be run across a number of business areas.
8 Explain the need for ETL processes in data warehousing.   Students should understand that processes are necessary to Extract data from disparate sources,Transform the data into a uniform format for specialized processing and Load the extracted data into the data warehouse.
9 Describe how ETL processes can be used to clean up data for a data warehouse.   Examples should be used to show how disparate data can be changed to a uniform format in order to be suitable for analysis.
10 Compare the different forms of discovering patterns using data mining.   Students are expected to be able to describe the conceptual approach used by:
  • cluster analysis
  • associations
  • classifications
  • sequential patterns
  • forecasting.

The student does not need to understand the detailed implementation of these methods.
AIM 8 An awareness of the social impacts and ethical considerations when data mining.

11 Describe situations that benefit from data mining.   Examples can be cited such as the use of mining techniques by banks to identify fraudulent credit card use;retailers can use mining techniques to identify subsets of the population likely to respond to a particular promotion.
12 Describe how predictive modelling is used.   The use of classification techniques such as “decision tree induction” or “backpropogation in neural networks”. The determination of values for rows of a database useful for predictions.
13 Explain the nature of database segmentation.   The partitioning of a database according to some feature in common in the rows.
14 Explain the nature and purpose of link analysis.   The use of rules to establish associations between individual records in a data set.
15 Describe the process of deviation detection.   The detection of outlying data can be subjected to statistical techniques in order to identify unusual events or data subsets.

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