Nature of science:

Use of data—biochemical systems have a large number of different reactions occurring in the same place at the same time. As technologies have developed, more data has been collected leading to the discovery of patterns of reactions in metabolism. (3.1)

• The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structures and shapes.
• Metabolic reactions take place in highly controlled aqueous environments.
• Reactions of breakdown are called catabolism and reactions of synthesis are called anabolism.
• Biopolymers form by condensation reactions and are broken down by hydrolysis reactions.
• Photosynthesis is the synthesis of energy-rich molecules from carbon dioxide and water using light energy.
• Respiration is a complex set of metabolic processes providing energy for cells.

Applications and skills :

• Explanation of the difference between condensation and hydrolysis reactions.
• The use of summary equations of photosynthesis and respiration to explain the potential balancing of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Guidance:

• Intermediates of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis are not required.

• Metabolic reactions in the human body are dependent on the supply of nutrients through a regular balanced diet. Globally there are significant differences in the availability of nutritious food, which have major and diverse impacts on human health.

Utilization:

• Biochemistry is fundamental to the study of many other subjects, including genetics, immunology, pharmacology, nutrition and agriculture

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Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Topic 10.2—SN reactions (condensation and hydrolysis)
Topic 13.2 and Option B.9—metal complexes and light absorption
Option C.8—electronic conjugation and light absorption