Understandings:
- Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them.
- Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water.
- Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic
. Applications and skills:
- Application: Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those of methane.
- Application: Use of water as a coolant in sweat.
- Application: Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in blood in relation to their solubility in water.
Guidance:
- Students should know at least one example of a benefit to living organisms of each property of water.
- Transparency of water and maximum density at 4°C do not need to be included.
- Comparison of the thermal properties of water and methane assists in the understanding of the significance of hydrogen bonding in water.
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International-mindedness:
- There are challenges for the increasing human population in sharing water resources equitably for drinking and irrigation, electricity generation and a range of industrial and domestic processes.
Theory of knowledge:
- Claims about the “memory of water” have been categorized as pseudoscientific. What are the criteria that can be used to distinguish scientific claims from pseudoscientific claims?
Utilization:
- Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
- Biology
- Topic 4.3 Carbon cycling
- Topic 4.4 Climate change
- Physics
- Topic 3.1 Thermal concepts
Aims:
- Aim 6: Probes can be used to determine the effect of different factors likely to influence cooling with water.
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