Transcription and gene expression

Nature of science:

Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies—there is mounting evidence that the environment can trigger heritable changes in epigenetic factors. (3.1)

• Transcription occurs in a 5’ to 3’ direction.
• Nucleosomes help to regulate transcription in eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotic cells modify mRNA after transcription.
• Splicing of mRNA increases the number of different proteins an organism can produce.
• Gene expression is regulated by proteins that bind to specific base sequences in DNA.
• The environment of a cell and of an organism has an impact on gene expression.

Application and skills:

• Application: The promoter as an example of non-coding DNA with a function.
• Skill: Analysis of changes in the DNA methylation patterns.

Guidance:

• RNA polymerase adds the 5´ end of the free RNA nucleotide to the 3´ end of the growing mRNA molecule.

• The nature versus nurture debate concerning the relative importance of an individual’s innate qualities versus those acquired through experiences is still under discussion. Is it important for science to attempt to answer this question?

Utilization:

• Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
• Biology
• Topic 2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation